The Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe - 1490 Words

Edgar Allan Poe’s Short Stories Edgar Allan Poe is a much known author. He is known for writing dark and mysterious stories and poems. â€Å"His imaginative storytelling led to literary innovations, earning him the nickname Father of the Detective Story (Edgar Allan Poe Biography.com). When writing stories he wanted the readers to have that one emotion or feeling when reading his writing. Poe has very many stories he is known for two of those short stories being; â€Å"The Oval Portrait† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. The short story â€Å"The Oval Portrait†, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story about how when taking a job on, there is a fine line of someone enjoying what they do or getting too invested in it. The characters, setting, symbolisms,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"But she was humble and obedient, and sat meekly for many weeks in the dark, high turret-chamber where the light dripped upon the pale canvas only from overhead† (G iordano, Robert) this quote helps the reader know the setting. The other symbolism that Poe uses would be color to symbolize life. A quote from â€Å"The Oval Portrait†, â€Å"And he would not see that the tints which he spread upon the canvas were drawn from the cheeks of her who sate beside him† (Poe Edgar), Poe using this analysis to give a better understanding the readers that the color from the brides cheeks gave the painting the illustration of life (Thompson R.). As the husband added more and more color to the picture with paint it gets darker, this coming to realize as he is making the picture darker his wife is increasing the death of his wife. There are three themes that are used throughout the reading which are; love, beauty, and death. The most important theme in this story would be beauty. When the husband gets so attached to his art work he forgets about the beautiful wife he has of his own and only thinks about the beauty of this portrait. Love is also s howed in this story but by the wife. The wife is so in love with her husband she is willing to do anything and everything to make her husband happy. Which is not getting in the away of him painting his picture. The last theme would be death even though this is a major theme it comes last. After the husband not realizing the actual beauty and love theShow MoreRelatedThe Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe930 Words   |  4 PagesYou may speculate how Edgar Allen Poe was inspired to write his short stories, or how they related to his life. Well firstly, his father abandoned his family, then his mother died when he was very young. His foster father, John Allen, unpredictably fluctuated between lenience and extreme punishment. Poe married his cousin Virginia who was much younger than him, but also died at a young age. So, is it any wonder that Poe’s work focused on the ghoulish, bizarre and the outcast? Arguably not, the wonderRead MoreThe Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe1459 Word s   |  6 Pagesthat the soul must create and as such can be captured and viewed through art. Whether in the form of a painting, the cadence of a song, or even the weaving of words in a story, the result is the soul being entrapped by an artist. â€Å"The Oval Portrait† by Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies the connection between art and the soul, and how one’s willingness to submit themselves to be the muse of an artist is essentially relinquishing their soul to be trapped for all eternity within art. However, it can be seenRead MoreThe Romantic Period and Edgar Allan Poe Essay529 Words   |  3 Pagesromance in their writings to enhance the human experience. Edgar Allan Poe, known as the father of the modern short story, epitomizes this notion in his writings. In â€Å"Annabel Lee,† and â€Å"The Oval Portrait,† Edgar Allan Poe uses romance to illustrate the essence of death and misery and to illustrate elements in which the reader can actually feel that wa s is happening in the story is happening to them. In â€Å"The Oval Portrait†, Edgar Allan Poe creates a setting in an abandoned castle where the main characterRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : His Life Influenced His Work1093 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: How His Life Influenced His Work Edgar Allan Poe was an American author known for his works of depression and misfortune. Throughout his lifetime, Poe would never gain fame. It was only after his death that the true genius of Edgar Allan Poe was discovered. Poe frequently used his life occurrences—as terrible as they were—to influence his writings. It is through his writings that one can delve into the mind of Edgar Allan Poe and discover how his life truly was. Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreThe Oval Portrait1714 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Commentaire de texte  : The Oval Portrait, Edgar Allan Poe From Selected Tales, Penguin, Popular Classics The Oval Portrait, a short story from Edgar Allan Poe, lies in the fact that art and life are deadly linked. The passion for art and painting is described as causing death since the painter’s determination to make a portrait of his wife will cause her death. As in most of Poe’s short stories, the setting takes an important place in the story. We could say that it has even an influence onRead More Edgar Allan Poe and the American Mind Essay example1854 Words   |  8 Pagesinspired by this internal struggle between delusion and truth, illusion and actuality, Edgar Allan Poe penned numerous stories that sought to explore the nature of the human mind in conflict with itself. As a microcosm of the divided psyche that plagued the national body as a whole, the individual minds of Poe’s narrators in short stories such as â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† and â€Å"The Oval Portrait† reveal some of humanity’s darkest tendencies, as the reader may note in the apparentRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : An American Poet And Critic1437 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was an American author, known as a poet and critic, however most popular as the first literary expert of the short story structure, particularly stories that were mysterious and horrifying. He exceeded expectations particularly in the categories of riddle, macabre, and repulsiveness. He in more recent time has been credited for coming up with the Sci-Fi and Detective genres. His work was so often so disturbing and dark that many tend to have a hard time reading it to completionRead MoreThe Short Stories Writers Known For Their Anti Transcendental Style Of Writing893 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are two short stories writers known for their anti-transcendental style of writing. Hawthorne wrote â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and Poe wrote the â€Å"The Oval P ortrait.† In â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† the main character conceals his face behind a black cloth. The town becomes engulfed in trying to find the meaning behind the veil. In Poe’s short story, â€Å"The Oval Portrait† a man finds he is in love with a portrait of a girl after staying in an abandoned apartmentRead MoreThe Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the life of Edgar Allan Poe, he suffered many unfortunate events and endured several difficult situations. Some speculate that it was these experiences that helped to formulate the famous writing style of Edgar Allan Poe. His dark tales such as The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart are horrific, and his poems such as Alone and The Raven show evidence that his life experiences influenced their dreariness. Poes story plots and his own life are undeniably related andRead MoreThe Master Of The Macabre By Edgar Allan Poe2816 Words   |  1 2 PagesEdgar Allan Poe, often described as the Master of the Macabre was a short story writer, novelist, poet, critic, and essayist (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). He is also credited for being the architect of the modern short story and the father of the detective story (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). His writing can sometimes be gruesome, but he also wrote comedies. Critics and readers alike love Poe’s work, even during his lifetime, unlike some artists whose work only receive recognition posthumously. As popular as they

A Dirty Job Chapter 1 Free Essays

This book is dedicated to Patricia Moss, who was as generous in sharing her death as she was in sharing her life. AND To hospice workers and volunteers all over the world. PART ONE THE SORRY BUSINESS What you seek, you shall never find. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dirty Job Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now For when the Gods made man, They kept immortality for themselves. Fill your belly. Day and night make merry, Let Days be full of joy. Love the child that holds your hand. Let your wife delight in your embrace. For these alone are the concerns of man. – The Epic of Gilgamesh 1 BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH – HE KINDLY STOPPED FOR ME – Charlie Asher walked the earth like an ant walks on the surface of water, as if the slightest misstep might send him plummeting through the surface to be sucked to the depths below. Blessed with the Beta Male imagination, he spent much of his life squinting into the future so he might spot ways in which the world was conspiring to kill him – him; his wife, Rachel; and now, newborn Sophie. But despite his attention, his paranoia, his ceaseless fretting from the moment Rachel peed a blue stripe on the pregnancy stick to the time they wheeled her into recovery at St. Francis Memorial, Death slipped in. â€Å"She’s not breathing,† Charlie said. â€Å"She’s breathing fine,† Rachel said, patting the baby’s back. â€Å"Do you want to hold her?† Charlie had held baby Sophie for a few seconds earlier in the day, and had handed her quickly to a nurse insisting that someone more qualified than he do some finger and toe counting. He’d done it twice and kept coming up with twenty-one. â€Å"They act like that’s all there is to it. Like if the kid has the minimum ten fingers and ten toes it’s all going to be fine. What if there are extras? Huh? Extra-credit fingers? What if the kid has a tail?† (Charlie was sure he’d spotted a tail in the six-month sonogram. Umbilical indeed! He’d kept a hard copy.) â€Å"She doesn’t have a tail, Mr. Asher,† the nurse explained. â€Å"And it’s ten and ten, we’ve all checked. Perhaps you should go home and get some rest.† â€Å"I’ll still love her, even with her extra finger.† â€Å"She’s perfectly normal.† â€Å"Or toe.† â€Å"We really do know what we’re doing, Mr. Asher. She’s a beautiful, healthy baby girl.† â€Å"Or a tail.† The nurse sighed. She was short, wide, and had a tattoo of a snake up her right calf that showed through her white nurse stockings. She spent four hours of every workday massaging preemie babies, her hands threaded through ports in a Lucite incubator, like she was handling a radioactive spark in there. She talked to them, coaxed them, told them how special they were, and felt their hearts fluttering in chests no bigger than a balled-up pair of sweat socks. She cried over every one, and believed that her tears and touch poured a bit of her own life into the tiny bodies, which was just fine with her. She could spare it. She had been a neonatal nurse for twenty years and had never so much as raised her voice to a new father. â€Å"There’s no goddamn tail, you doofus! Look!† She pulled down the blanket and aimed baby Sophie’s bottom at him like she might unleash a fusillade of weapons-grade poopage such as the guileless Beta Male had never seen. Charlie jumped back – a lean and nimble thirty, he was – then, once he realized that the baby wasn’t loaded, he straightened the lapels on his tweed jacket in a gesture of righteous indignation. â€Å"You could have removed her tail in the delivery room and we’d never know.† He didn’t know. He’d been asked to leave the delivery room, first by the ob-gyn and finally by Rachel. (â€Å"Him or me,† Rachel said. â€Å"One of us has to go.†) In Rachel’s room, Charlie said: â€Å"If they removed her tail, I want it. She’ll want it when she gets older.† â€Å"Sophie, your Papa isn’t really insane. He just hasn’t slept for a couple of days.† â€Å"She’s looking at me,† Charlie said. â€Å"She’s looking at me like I blew her college money at the track and now she’s going to have to turn tricks to get her MBA.† Rachel took his hand. â€Å"Honey, I don’t think her eyes can even focus this early, and besides, she’s a little young to start worrying about her turning tricks to get her MFA.† â€Å"MBA,† Charlie corrected. â€Å"They start very young these days. By the time I figure out how to get to the track, she could be old enough. God, your parents are going to hate me.† â€Å"And that would be different how?† â€Å"New reasons, that’s how. Now I’ve made their granddaughter a shiksa.† â€Å"She’s not a shiksa, Charlie. We’ve been through this. She’s my daughter, so she’s as Jewish as I am.† Charlie went down on one knee next to the bed and took one of Sophie’s tiny hands between his fingers. â€Å"Daddy’s sorry he made you a shiksa.† He put his head down, buried his face in the crook where the baby met Rachel’s side. Rachel traced his hairline with her fingernail, describing a tight U-turn around his narrow forehead. â€Å"You need to go home and get some sleep.† Charlie mumbled something into the covers. When he looked up there were tears in his eyes. â€Å"She feels warm.† â€Å"She is warm. She’s supposed to be. It’s a mammal thing. Goes with the breast-feeding. Why are you crying?† â€Å"You guys are so beautiful.† He began arranging Rachel’s dark hair across the pillow, brought a long lock down over Sophie’s head, and started styling it into a baby hairpiece. â€Å"It will be okay if she can’t grow hair. There was that angry Irish singer who didn’t have any hair and she was attractive. If we had her tail we could transplant plugs from that.† â€Å"Charlie! Go home!† â€Å"Your parents will blame me. Their bald shiksa granddaughter turning tricks and getting a business degree – it will be all my fault.† Rachel grabbed the buzzer from the blanket and held it up like it was wired to a bomb. â€Å"Charlie, if you don’t go home and get some sleep right now, I swear I’ll buzz the nurse and have her throw you out.† She sounded stern, but she was smiling. Charlie liked looking at her smile, always had; it felt like approval and permission at the same time. Permission to be Charlie Asher. â€Å"Okay, I’ll go.† He reached to feel her forehead. â€Å"Do you have a fever? You look tired.† â€Å"I just gave birth, you squirrel!† â€Å"I’m just concerned about you.† He was not a squirrel. She was blaming him for Sophie’s tail, that’s why she’d said squirrel, and not doofus like everyone else. â€Å"Sweetie, go. Now. So I can get some rest.† Charlie fluffed her pillows, checked her water pitcher, tucked in the blankets, kissed her forehead, kissed the baby’s head, fluffed the baby, then started to rearrange the flowers that his mother had sent, moving the big stargazer lily in the front, accenting it with a spray of baby’s breath – â€Å"Charlie!† â€Å"I’m going. Jeez.† He checked the room, one last time, then backed toward the door. â€Å"Can I bring you anything from home?† â€Å"I’ll be fine. The ready kit you packed covered everything, I think. In fact, I may not even need the fire extinguisher.† â€Å"Better to have it and not need it, than to need it – â€Å" â€Å"Go! I’ll get some rest, the doctor will check Sophie out, and we’ll take her home in the morning.† â€Å"That seems soon.† â€Å"It’s standard.† â€Å"Should I bring more propane for the camp stove?† â€Å"We’ll try to make it last.† â€Å"But – â€Å" Rachel held up the buzzer, as if her demands were not met, the consequences could be dire. â€Å"Love you,† she said. â€Å"Love you, too,† Charlie said. â€Å"Both of you.† â€Å"Bye, Daddy.† Rachel puppeted Sophie’s little hand in a wave. Charlie felt a lump rising in his throat. No one had ever called him Daddy before, not even a puppet. (He had once asked Rachel, â€Å"Who’s your daddy?† during sex, to which she had replied, â€Å"Saul Goldstein,† thus rendering him impotent for a week and raising all kinds of issues that he didn’t really like to think about.) He backed out of the room, palming the door shut as he went, then headed down the hall and past the desk where the neonatal nurse with the snake tattoo gave him a sideways smile as he went by. Charlie drove a six-year-old minivan that he’d inherited from his father, along with the thrift store and the building that housed it. The minivan always smelled faintly of dust, mothballs, and body odor, despite a forest of smell-good Christmas trees that Charlie had hung from every hook, knob, and protrusion. He opened the car door and the odor of the unwanted – the wares of the thrift-store owner – washed over him. Before he even had the key in the ignition, he noticed the Sarah McLachlan CD lying on the passenger seat. Well, Rachel was going to miss that. It was her favorite CD and there she was, recovering without it, and he could not have that. Charlie grabbed the CD, locked the van, and headed back up to Rachel’s room. To his relief, the nurse had stepped away from the desk so he didn’t have to endure her frosty stare of accusation, or what he guessed would be her frosty stare of accusation. He’d mentally prepared a short speech about how being a good husband and father included anticipating the wants and needs of his wife and that included bringing her music – well, he could use the speech on the way out if she gave him the frosty stare. He opened the door to Rachel’s room slowly so as not to startle her – anticipating her warm smile of disapproval, but instead she appeared to be asleep and there was a very tall black man dressed in mint green standing next to her bed. â€Å"What are you doing here?† The man in mint green turned, startled. â€Å"You can see me?† He gestured to his chocolate-brown tie, and Charlie was reminded, just for a second, of those thin mints they put on the pillow in nicer hotels. â€Å"Of course I can see you. What are you doing here?† Charlie moved to Rachel’s bedside, putting himself between the stranger and his family. Baby Sophie seemed fascinated by the tall black man. â€Å"This is not good,† said Mint Green. â€Å"You’re in the wrong room,† Charlie said. â€Å"You get out of here.† Charlie reached behind and patted Rachel’s hand. â€Å"This is really, really not good.† â€Å"Sir, my wife is trying to sleep and you’re in the wrong room. Now please go before – â€Å" â€Å"She’s not sleeping,† said Mint Green. His voice was soft, and a little Southern. â€Å"I’m sorry.† Charlie turned to look down at Rachel, expecting to see her smile, hear her tell him to calm down, but her eyes were closed and her head had lolled off the pillow. â€Å"Honey?† Charlie dropped the CD he was carrying and shook her gently. â€Å"Honey?† Baby Sophie began to cry. Charlie felt Rachel’s forehead, took her by the shoulders, and shook her. â€Å"Honey, wake up. Rachel.† He put his ear to her heart and heard nothing. â€Å"Nurse!† Charlie scrambled across the bed to grab the buzzer that had slipped from Rachel’s hand and lay on the blanket. â€Å"Nurse!† He pounded the button and turned to look at the man in mint green. â€Å"What happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was gone. Charlie ran into the hall, but no one was out there. â€Å"Nurse!† Twenty seconds later the nurse with the snake tattoo arrived, followed in another thirty seconds by a resuscitation team with a crash cart. There was nothing they could do. How to cite A Dirty Job Chapter 1, Essay examples

The Lady Of The Lake By Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832) Essays

The Lady of the Lake by Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832) The Lady of the Lake by Sir Walter Scott (1771 - 1832) Type of Work: Romantic metrical poem Setting Sixteenth-century Scotland Principal Characters James Douglas, outlawed uncle of the Earl of Angus Ellen Douglas, his daughter (The Lady of the Lake) Roderick Dhu, a rebel Highland chief of Clan Alpine, and protector of the Douglas's Allan-bane, the Douglas' minstrel and devoted servant James Fitz-James, a Saxon Lowlander Knight Malcolm Graeme, Ellen's young love Story Overveiw James Fitz-James, a Saxon knight from Stirling Castle, became lost as he hunted in the Highlands. Sounding his horn, he was rescued - not by his comrades, but by Ellen Douglas, who, with her father, lived at Loch Katerine under the protection of her Highlander cousin, Roderick Dhu. Although the men were away, Fitz-James was taken in and extended Highland hospitality. It disturbed Fitz-James that this girl bore such a resemblance to members of the hunted Douglas clan. Nevertheless, he was smitten by Ellen's beauty and kindness and dreamed of her as he slept. On the next morning Fitz-James left the island with a guide. Later, Roderick and Douglas returned home from their separate journeys, Douglas accompanied bv young Malcolm Graeme. Roderick, a fierce, plundering, middle-aged warrior, hoped to i-narry Ellen, both because he loved her and because their marriage would unite Clan Douglas with Clan Alpine to create a powerful political force. Although Ellen appreciated Roderick's protection, she was frightened by his manner and had set her heart on Malcolm Graeme, her first suitor, whom Roderick despised. When Roderick extended his marriage proposal to her in the company of all, Malcolm detected Ellen's deep disquiet, but before he could speak, her father interceded, explaining tactfully that such a union would be a political misalliance; Roderick was a sworn enemy of the King, while he, Douglas, in spite of his outlawed status, still loved his monarch. The great chieftain hated the King and could not understand Douglas' loyalty. Now his disappointment at losing Ellen rose to intensify Roderick's anger. He sent out a terrible signal - a fiery cross summoning his Clan Alpine to war. As the cross was carried over the rocky highlands, all the clansmen rallied to support their chieftain. Roderick now petitioned Brian the Hermit to use his magic to give him an augury for the forthcoming battle. The oracle read: "Which spills the foremost foeman's life that party conquers in the strife." Roderick was reassured, for Clan Alpine had never fought but they were the first to kill a foe. Meanwhile, before setting out for Stirling Castle to give himself up in hopes of averting war, Douglas had conducted his daughter, with the minstrel Allan-bane as her escort, to the safety of a wilderness cave. Ellen knew her father's intentions: , He goes to do what I had done,/ had Douglas' daughter been his son!" There the refugees were found by James Fitz-James, returning to see if he could persuade Ellen to accompany him to Stirling Castle. Ellen was dismayed. Hadn't Fitz-James seen the preparations for war, the hills alive with Roderick's men? No, the Saxon replied. The countryside had appeared quite serene. But this was the surest sign of danger, said Ellen; the wily Roderick's troops must already have him surrounded. She promised to help him escape, though she confessed that her heart belonged to Malcolm Graeme. The knight remained determined to help her save her father, however. He presented her with a ring from the Saxon royalty, saying that it would help her in her journey through Lowland territory and gain her an audience with King James. Fitz-James departed, still following his guide, Red Murdoch. Soon they came upon Blanche, a poor, crazed woman living in the wilds. Long ago, on her wedding day, Clan Alpine had captured her and killed her bridegroom. From his green hunting attire, Blanche recognized Fitz-James as a fellow Lowlander. In a cryptic song she warned him to beware of Murdoch. The knight, acknowledging this warning, drew his sword just as the guide discharged an arrow from his bow. But the shaft missed its true target and felled the poor old woman. After chasing down and slaying the treachtrous Murdoch, Fitz-James returned to dying Blanche, who gave him a broach made of a lock of her dead sweetheart's hair, with the charge to seek out Clan Alpine's Roderick Dhu and avenge her pitiful life. The Saxon set out, stealthily picking his way through the undergrowth. Many hours later he stumbled upon a lone knight from Clan Alpine, bound by the same code of honor as he. The enemies shared food and a campfire,

Copyright Implications Essays

Copyright Implications Essays Copyright Implications Essay Copyright Implications Essay Copyright Implications IT/236 January 17, 2011 [pic] A web designer or a novice needs to be very careful with copyright laws. The rules consist of five exclusive rights given to copyright owners under the Copyright Act. These laws are created and managed to prevent others from reproducing work or works created and owned by another person. No one can reproduce, publicly display the work, or distribute the work without the owner’s expressed permission. As a result, the web page author or authors need to be careful not to copy the work of others. This issue is so serious that the Internet service provider can be found liable for the copyright infringement even if they are not directly engaged in the copied materials, lawsuits will be implemented, and possible prison time can happen. Images If a web designer decides to obtain an image from the web and alter the image using a drawing or painting program, this will still infringe on the copyright laws. It is best to start from scratch and not alter another image from an original piece of work. Altering an image in this way is called derivative work. Taking an image from third parties is also taboo. Once the original image is fixed on a hard drive for the first time, it is protected by copyright laws. Any unauthorized copying of a protected image is an infringement of the creator’s copyright privilege. The originator can deem the image to be exempted through fair use, though. But unless the originator expresses this, it is not the case. Some licensed images, for example, the Internet Explorer logo may be copied, but the user must accept the terms of license first. In accepting the license, the user is excepting the terms within such license to use the image. The image will most likely not be able to be altered in any way. It can be copied as a link, only to a certain destination, but the web designer needs to be careful not to use it in a different way. He or she needs to follow the license agreement to use the logo with the link. Clip art is often provided with many applications. These images do not fall under the copyright laws as long as the web designer follows the terms in the license of the program. There are free images offered on the Internet. Some websites offer images to be used by others, but there are often stipulations of the use of the image. There are often terms proposed by the image creators. Most likely, the creators of the image want credit to be given to the author, including a link back to the author’s site. But if the image did not originally come from the creator, these images are already infringed upon; therefore they can not be used. Text Text on a website follows the same laws and stipulations as images. If the text is original, the copyright laws will not be infringed upon, but if the text is copied from another party, it will be illegal to display. The only exception is, if the originator gave expressed permission to use the text. Full credit to the author must be given. Another exception of the rule would be if the text was given under an expressed terms, of license agreement. A web designer should never assume a â€Å"free-use work† in a free in a public domain without independent investigations, showing that the work is from the original author. Scripts Developing any kind of scripts is time-consuming and complex, but they also fall under copyright laws. Many programmers and other users have made their scripts and applets available for the public. In this case, use is allowed as long as any requirements set fourth by the programmer are followed. Copyright laws are very complex to understand, but as long as a web designer understands these five rules, the work they create will most likely not violate the Copyright Act. The simple rule of thumb is, create original images, scripts, and text. But if some works need to be copied and used, make sure that full credit is given to the originator. References (1996-2010). Web Site Legal Issues. Bit Law. Retrieved from bitlaw. com/internet/webpage. html   (2001). Web Design That Wont Get You Into Trouble. Computer Libraries. Retrieved from infotoday. com/cilmag/jun01/kennedy. htm

The History of Elevators From Top to Bottom

The History of Elevators From Top to Bottom By definition, an elevator is a platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in a vertical shaft to transport people and freight. The shaft contains the operating equipment, motor, cables, and accessories. Primitive elevators were in use as early as the third century B.C.E. and were  operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. In 1743, a counter-weighted, man-powered personal elevator was built for King Louis XV, connecting his apartment in Versailles with that of his mistress, Madame de Chà ¢teauroux, whose quarters were one floor above his own. 19th Century Elevators From about the middle of the 19th century, elevators were powered, often steam-operated,  and were used for transporting materials in factories, mines, and warehouses. In 1823, two architects named Burton and Homer built an ascending room, as they called it. This crude elevator was used to lift paying tourists to a platform for a panoramic view of London. In 1835, architects Frost and Stuart built the Teagle, a belt-driven, counter-weighted and steam-driven lift was developed in England. In 1846, Sir William Armstrong introduced the hydraulic crane and by the early 1870s, hydraulic machines began to replace the steam-powered elevator. The hydraulic elevator is supported by a heavy piston, moving in a cylinder and is operated by the water (or oil) pressure produced by pumps. The Elevator Brakes of Elisha Otis In 1852, American inventor Elisha Otis moved to Yonkers, New York  to work for the bedstead firm of Maize Burns. It was the owner of the company, Josiah Maize, that inspired Otis to start designing elevators.  Maize needed a new hoisting device to lift heavy equipment to the upper floor of his factory. In 1853, Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable broke. This increased public confidence in such devices. In 1853, Otis established a company for manufacturing elevators and patented a steam elevator. For Josiah Maize, Otis invented something he called an  Improvement in Hoisting Apparatus Elevator Brake and demonstrated his new invention to the public  at the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York  in 1854. During the demonstration, Otis hoisted the elevator car to the top of the building and  then deliberately cut the elevator hoisting cables. However, instead of crashing, the elevator car was stopped because of the brakes that Otis had invented. While Otis did not actually invent the first elevator, his brakes, used in modern elevators, made skyscrapers a practical reality. In 1857, Otis and the Otis Elevator Company began manufacturing passenger elevators. A steam-powered passenger elevator was installed by the Otis Brothers in a five-story department store owned by E.W.  Haughtwhat Company of Manhattan. It was the worlds first public elevator. Elisha Otis Biography Elisha Otis was born on Aug. 3, 1811, in Halifax, Vermont, the youngest of six children. At the age of twenty, Otis moved to Troy, New York and worked as a wagon driver. In 1834, he married Susan A. Houghton and had two sons with her. Unfortunately, his wife died, leaving Otis a young widower with two small children.In 1845, Otis moved to Albany, New York after marrying his second wife, Elizabeth A. Boyd. Otis found a job as a master mechanic making bedsteads for Otis Tingley Company. It was here that Otis first began inventing. Among his first inventions were a railway safety brake, rail turners for speeding the making of rails for four-poster beds and the improved turbine wheel.Otis died of diphtheria on April 8th, 1861 in Yonkers, New York. Electric Elevators Electric elevators came into  use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880. Black inventor, Alexander Miles patented an electric elevator (U.S. pat#371,207) on Oct. 11, 1887.

Impact of Kyoto Protocol Across Countries Research Paper

Impact of Kyoto Protocol Across Countries - Research Paper Example It is now an incontrovertible fact that the climate of the earth will get warmer. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change located at Geneva has published several estimates regarding the extent to which the global climate will become warmer. These estimates have been based on the assumption that increased energy use will be the prime outcome of increased economic growth (Moore S41). Such energy is derived from fossil fuels; hence, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is bound to increase. Some of these estimates had stated that there will be an increase of 2 ° to 3 ° Celsius, by the year 2000. A very disquieting feature of these predictions has been the contention that the maximum temperature increase will be experienced at the polar ice caps (Moore S41). During the past six decades, there has been a significant and disturbing increase in the proportion of greenhouse gases to the other gases in the atmosphere. This unwelcome trend commenced with the advent of the Industrial Revolution that transpired around two centuries ago (Geisel 1465). However, this increase has been pronounced from the 1950s. The cardinal increase has been with regard to carbon dioxide. This gas has its origins in plant and animal respiration and decomposition, natural fires and active volcanoes. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide converted to oxygen, via photosynthesis is replenished by these natural sources of carbon dioxide (Geisel 1465). The increase in carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases has been established by scientists, who drilled holes in the earth’s geographical poles and procured ice core samples that clearly indicated this enhancement. In a manner that is akin to the rings found in trees, ice core samples exhibit rings, which permit accurate dating.  

The Original of Arab Theater Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Original of Arab Theater - Research Paper Example Quran as the basic holy book of Islam seems to provide no exact and solid proofs of prohibition of theatre because Quran as any serious scripture requires thorough and dedicated interpretation that is why prohibition of theatre cannot be directly found in the text, and it can only be achieved as interpretation of the texts. All in all, the opposition between Islamic dogma and theatre existed for a long time and prevented flourishing of this type of visual art on the territory of Arab countries. However, Islam culture has shaped the traditions that were very similar to the theatrical representation of other countries, European in particular. It is also quite interesting that despite prohibition of theater separate works of prominent Greek authors were translated in the beginning of the 8th century. However, despite the fact that many scholars deny existing of the theatre in Arab countries in its traditional understanding (a play on a stage with real actors a), some argue that separate forms of Islamic culture can be considered pre-theatrical phenomena. According to Botintshiva, there is a number of performances that were popular in Arab countries from Middle Ages: Al-Hakawati (Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã™Æ'ÙˆØ §Ã˜ ªÃ™Å  ), is the type of art that presupposes oral retelling of stories in public places, such as city markets or coffe shops that was popular in many Arab cities such as Cairo, Bagdad, Damascus, Marrakesh .There were also variations of story-tellers some of which preferred accompanying themselves with musical instruments such as lyres. Religious ceremonies that were conducted every year among Shi’ite Muslims aimed to commemorate the death of the nephew of Prophet Mohammed. The rituals reminded mourning which is common for the ritual of funerals and were accompanied by sympathy expression, crying, and singing. In the course of the ritual the story telling about al-Husain`s arrival to Iraq and his unexpected